BEYOND THE FALL: NURSE-LED ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS IN THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN GERIATRIC INPATIENT UNITS

Abstract

Population aging intensifies challenges related to patient safety in geriatric inpatient units, particularly due to the high incidence of falls. These events represent not only frequent adverse occurrences but also factors that increase morbidity, prolong hospitalizations, and compromise quality of life. Root cause analysis, led by nurses, emerges as a strategic tool to understand the complexity of factors precipitating accidents and to structure preventive interventions. This literature review critically examines recent studies on the application of this methodology in hospital environments dedicated to elderly care, highlighting the role of nursing in identifying systemic failures, implementing safety protocols, and promoting patient-centered practices. Evidence shows that nurse leadership in investigative processes favors the construction of more realistic action plans, supported by clinical observations and practical knowledge. Furthermore, this approach strengthens institutional safety culture, encouraging multidisciplinary teams to recognize risks and develop collaborative strategies. Findings indicate that fall prevention is not limited to isolated measures but requires integration between clinical assessment, resource management, and continuing education. It is concluded that nurses’ protagonism in root cause analysis is essential to reduce accidents and improve care in geriatric units.